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we can start about letters, in my language we have less letters than yours and different pronounce. These are the letters you will use and I'll compare with Turkish letters pronounce like your "h" its similar to my "j" but there is letters that we use with some rules like "c" you will see. I'll put you words in spanish without translation because I don't know all the words in Turkish, but at the end I'll try to put the most I can and you can use google for the rest =)
Spanish alphabet (pronounce)
A, B (be), C (se) , D (de), E, F (efe), G (he), H (açe), I, J (hota), K (ka), L (ele), M (eme), N (ene), Ñ (enye), O, P (pe), Q (ku), R (erre), S (ese), T (te), U, V (uve), W (doble u or doble v), X (ekis), Y ( i griega), Z (zeta).
Spanish --- Turkish (pronounce )
A-a same than turkish pronounce
B - b same
C - c special one: "c" before vowels "a,o,u" or before consonants sounds like "k", example: casa (kasa), coche (coçe), cuerpo (kuerpo); “pacto” (pakto), cruel (kruel)
c before vowels "e,i" sounds like "s", example: "cerebro" (serebro); "círculo" (sirculo); "c" before "h" sounds like "ç", example: "chocolate" (çokolate)
D - d same than turkish
E - e same too
F - f same
G - g another with rules : g before vowels "a,o,u" is like turkish g, example: "gato" (gato), "gol" (gol), "gustar" (gustar);
g before vowels "e,i", sounds like strong "h", example: "genial" (henial), "girar" (hirar);
for make that "G" sounds like turkish "g" using "e,i" we use the "u" between "g" and "e,i", example: guitarra (gitarra), "guerra" (gerra) [rr = strong "R" like in Ramazan];
for make "u" have a sound we use "ü" between "e,i", "Ü" sounds like normal turkish "u", example: "antigüedad" (antiguedad) if doesn't have "Ü" it would sound like "antigedad" but according to the "Ü" the its readed "antiguedad", “pingüino” (pinguino) (I KNOW THIS IS HARD ONE EVEN IN SPANISH)
H- h When “h” is at the beginning of some word (it has to be before vowels a,e,i,o,u) doesn't have any sound is just because of grammar, examples: “hablar” (ablar), “helado” (elado), “hielo” (ielo), “hola” (ola), “huevo” (uevo);
When “h” is after “c” sound is like “ç”; examples: “charro” (çarro), “cheque” (çeke), “chicharo” (çiçaro), “r” here is like “r” in “erkek” is soft, “chocolate” (çokolate), “churro” (çurro) “rr” is like “r” in “renk”, (I'll teach you just sounds not ortography for now, “h” ortography is very complex).
I-i same than turkish “i”
“J” sounds like turkish “h”, example: “jirafa” (hirafa), “mujer” (muher), “hijo” (iho)
K same than turkish “k”, example: kilogramo (kilogramo)
L same sound than turkish “l”, except when this is twice “ll” the sound is like turkish “c”, example: “llanto” (canto), calle (kace)
M same than turkish “m”
N same
Ñ this letter doesn't have same sound than any letter in turkish, maybe it can be compared with the combination of “ny” in turkish, for example in spanish “campaña” is written in turkish “kampanya” sound is almost the same and same meaning. Another example is “champiñón”(çampinyon).
O same than turkish “o”
P same than turkish “p
Q “q” is used like “k” but this is used before “e,i” with an “u” between this vowels, examples: “queso” (keso), “quién” (kien), “alquiler” (alkiler).
R ok... again hard one, when “r” is at the beginning of any word sound is strong like ramazan, renk, raki (I haven't turkish keyboard), examples: ramo (ramo), rancho (ranço), receta (reseta), rosa (rosa);
“r” when is between vowels is soft sound like “r” in “araba”, examples: “herencia” (erensia), “cara” (kara), merecer (mereser);
“r” after “n,l,s” and before vowel sounds like “r” at the begining of any word or doble “r” = “rr”examples: “soNRisa” (sonRRisa) , “aLRededor” (alRRededor), “iSRael” (isRRael) [ I put the consonant and r together in capital letters for make it easier to identify).
after the rest of the consonants the sound is soft like in bodrum, krem, for example: crema (krema), brazo (brazo), probable (probable), transporte (transporte).
“rr” is used between 2 vowels for make stronger it sound like “R” at the beginning of a word (like “r” in rüya ), examples: hErrAmienta (eRRamienta), vErrUga (veRRuga).
S same sound like turkish “s”
T same than turkish “t”
U same
V same
W actually this letter is not used for mexican words, this is used for adopted words from other languages like “waterpolo” where pronouce is the equivalent to “gu” = guaterpolo, I think there is not original mexican or spanish word with “w”, examples in spanish that are same than original in their own languages (english or germany) like whisky or web.
X “x” letter is common in a lot of languages but in Mexico it has a special sense because it is very used in ethnic languages of native people, but in spanish two uses:
like “ks” in turkish (meksika for example), spanish example: hexágono (eksagono), exprimir (eksprimir);
like “h” in turkish is common for name of cities or derivated of native languages, examples: Mexico (mehico), Oaxaca (oajaka) and others.
Y This is used in two ways: “y” like turkish “y” in “yavaş”, for example: leyes (leyes), construyo (konstruyo); the other way is “y” like “i”, for example: hay (ai),
the “y” by itself is used like turkish word “ve” = and (english), examples: Bengisu y Adriana = Bengisu ve Adriana = Bengisu and Adriana.
Z Finally “z”... same than turkish pronounce “z”.
you can see that some letters pronounce are similar using different letters, like “b and v”, “s, c , z”, “y, ll,” but this is about grammar and etimology.
I know it looks like hard lesson but this is not grammar lesson is just alphabet pronounce, it can help you to read correctly, but not to write correctly all spanish words, I know I put too much new words in spanish but I'll give you vocabulary later, I think this is enough for now.
Firs Mexican Spanish, second; Spain and Argentina Spanish Pronouns
Yo Yo
Tú Vos
Él/Ella Él/Ella
Eso Eso
Nosotros Vosotros
Ustedes Ustedes
Ellos Ellos
*Many special thanks to Adreina Barrios for her contribitions*
